籼粳稻细胞质背景下Rf-1位点PCR标记的遗传分离

本文在籼、粳稻细胞质背景下研究了Rf-1位点上PCR标记M45461的遗传分离比例,结果显示M45461的遗传分离与提供雄配子的杂合体的细胞质背景有关.粳稻细胞质不影响M45461的遗传分离比例,而籼稻细胞质会导致M45461极显著偏向籼稻或具有籼稻遗传成分较重的亲本.在籼、粳稻细胞质背景下,杂合体的花粉育性分别为半不育和正常可育,而小穗育性均正常.说明M45461的偏分离与雄配子选择有关,而与雌配子关系不大.该结果还揭示粳稻细胞质可以与籼稻细胞核和谐共存,籼稻细胞质则与粳稻细胞核存在不谐和的遗传互作.这一结论可以为籼粳分化的研究提供一些参考,也可为籼粳杂交父母本选择提供参考.     

Development of insect‐resistant transgenic rice with Cry1C*‐free endosperm

BACKGROUND: Yellow stem borer (Tryporyza incertulas Walker), striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. In this study, novel insect‐resistant transgenic rice was developed in which Bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. The resistant gene, cry1C*, driven by the rice rbcS promoter (small subunit of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), was introduced into Zhonghua 11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. RESULTS: A total of 83 independent transformants were obtained, 19 of which were characterised as single‐copy foreign gene insertion. After preliminary screening of the T₁ families of these 19 transformants in the field, six highly insect‐resistant homozygous lines were selected. These six homozygous transgenic lines were field tested for resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, and for their agronomic performance. The Cry1C* protein levels in leaves and endosperm were measured by ELISA. Subsequently, the elite transgenic line RJ5 was selected; this line not only possessed high resistance to leaf folders and stem borers, normal agronomic performance, but also Cry1C* expression was only 2.6 ng g^?1 in the endosperm. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that RJ5 has the potential for widespread utility in rice production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于移动4G的株距自适应玉米收割机优化设计

为了提高玉米收割机的株距的自适应能力、降低漏采率、提升工作效率,设计了一种新的株距自适应玉米收割机,大大提高了玉米收割机的作业精度和效率。依据移动4G信号的传播特性,设计了玉米株距实时测量系统,针对中国4G现场测试环境,研究提出了一种电波传播特性测量与建模方法,结合高性能测试仪器和虚拟仪器技术设计构建了3.5GHz测量系统。测量得到的株距量由A/D转换器转换为数字信号,再由单片机进行处理,对执行末端发出指令,调整玉米收割机割台分禾器的间距,从而可以对不同株距的玉米进行收割作业。对设计的玉米收割机进行测试发现:其株距自适应能力较好,可以随株距的变化自动调整分禾器间距,玉米穗的漏采率和破碎率较低,符合高精度作业玉米收割机的设计要求,为玉米自动化收割机械装置的研究提供了较有价值的参考。     

制动工况下液力偶合器流场湍流模型分析与验证

合理选择湍流模型是获取准确和可靠数值模拟结果的关键。该文采用3种湍流模型(标准k-ε模型、分离涡模型、大涡模拟模型)仿真制动工况下方形腔液力偶合器流场,提取流速场和涡量场。基于粒子图像测速(particle image velocimetry,PIV)技术测量液力偶合器制动工况下流场,将数值模拟结果与PIV试验结果进行对比,以PIV试验测量结果作为评价基准,分析采用3种湍流模型计算流场结果的差异性,完成湍流模型的适用性分析。结果表明,标准k-ε模型仿真结果与PIV试验结果误差较大;采用大涡模拟模型模拟主流区域流场结构分布更加真实,仿真结果能够较好地解释主流区域多尺度涡旋运动规律和能量耗散机理;采用分离涡模型能够更准确地捕捉近壁面和角涡区高梯度流场结构分布。研究结果可为液力偶合器流场精确计算与性能预测提供参考。     

生长调节剂对板栗结实情况和果实品质的影响

为了降低板栗空苞率和提高板栗果实品质,寻求合适的喷施生长调节剂的方法。以‘遵玉’为试材,于不同时期对板栗喷施不同的生长调节剂,探究生长调节剂对板栗结实情况和果实品质的影响。结果表明：盛花始期喷施SA可显著提高板栗实蓬率、每苞中板栗的个数和可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量,其中以0.2 nmol/L效果最佳,相比于对照组分别提高了15.50%、79.64%、19.20%、11.20%和6.09%;板栗幼胚发育前喷施0.01 mg/L BR可显著提高板栗实蓬率、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,分别提高了14.16%、26.37%和5.69%,而喷施0.001 mg/L BR可显著提高板栗实蓬率和每苞中板栗的个数,分别提高了19.42%和125.56%,其中每苞坚果个数增幅高达125.56%,可显著提高板栗产量。因此,建议于板栗盛花始期喷施0.2 nmol/L SA,于幼胚发育前喷施0.001 mg/L BR或0.01 mg/L BR,以提高板栗产量和品质。     

玉米秸秆混合发酵产酶条件的优化

为了显著提高纤维素酶的酶活,采用固态发酵的方法,深入研究了玉米秸秆预处理后的成分变化以及固液比,温度,pH等对发酵产酶的影响。结果表明,选择膨化预处理之后的秸秆混合发酵产酶的较优工艺条件为：固液比为1:(1.5~2)之间;pH 3~5;接种量为20%;秸秆:麸皮为1:1;硫酸铵含量为1.5%。在这些条件发酵之后的玉米秸秆,酶活为300 U/g。为下一步的玉米秸秆混合发酵产酶的中试实验提供理论依据。     

新民市玉米高产创建主要实施技术措施

为了促进新民市玉米生产持续稳定发展,充分挖掘玉米增产的潜力,2009年新民市农业技术推广中心扎实开展玉米优质高产创建工作。通过选定优良品种,全面实施测土配方施肥技术、推广病虫草害的综合防治等技术,实现了优质高产创建的产量目标。     

高CO2浓度对稻田CO2排放影响的初步分析

大气CO2浓度升高显著增加作物生物量,从而使进入土壤的有机碳增加,这势必会影响土壤碳的稳定和积累。此项研究主要通过高CO2浓度对作物生物量的直接影响,利用δ13C技术间接地初步分析土壤呼吸CO2排放不同来源贡献的差异。研究表明,在水稻生长季,高CO2浓度降低田间CO2的排放,但不显著;种有水稻,根系对土壤总的呼吸影响主要体现在成熟期之前,且有相互消长的现象。在种有水稻的情况下抽穗期之前分解新有机质为主;高CO2浓度促进土壤原有有机质的分解,在水稻生长的中后期分解更为明显,且高N水平对老有机质的分解有促进作用。鉴于此项研究中的不足之处,将会不断得到完善。     

Trials of Treating Decentralized Domestic Sewage from a Residential Area by Potassium Ferrate(VI)

The present study aims to investigate the performance of potassium ferrate(VI) in treating decentralized domestic sewage from a rural scattered residential area. Major results were that around 90% of total phosphorus (TP) and 40% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be reduced when 25 mg L^?1 of ferrate(VI) was applied. The removal of ammonia and total nitrogen (NH₃–N and TN) was also monitored. However, the nitrogen removal during the chemical dosing was rather low. Big fluctuations of removal rates were observed against shock pollutants concentrations. Considering its strong ability in removing emerging organic pollutants and P, ferrate(VI) is competitive in the treatment of decentralized domestic sewage as an advanced treatment unit following some traditional treatment units.